PL/SQL « Różności …

Różności …

25 stycznia 2012

Retrieve Top N records from a query

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL,Programowanie — Tagi: — Jacek @ 11:39

http://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/questions/top_records.php

23 stycznia 2012

Declaring Collections with %TYPE

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL,Programowanie — Tagi: — Jacek @ 19:28

Example 5-4 Declaring Collections with %TYPE

DECLARE
  TYPE few_depts  IS VARRAY(10)  OF VARCHAR2(30);
  TYPE many_depts IS VARRAY(100) OF VARCHAR2(64);
  some_depts few_depts;

  /* If the type of some_depts changes from few_depts to many_depts,
     local_depts and global_depts will use the same type
     when this block is recompiled */

  local_depts  some_depts%TYPE;
  global_depts some_depts%TYPE;
BEGIN
  NULL;
END;
/

22 stycznia 2012

ora-00054

Zaszufladkowany do: Oracle,PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 21:08

ORA-00054: resource busy and acquire with NOWAIT specified

po zerwaniu sesji – nie można zrobić drop table

aby sprawdzić jaka sesja trzyma:

SELECT * FROM DBA_DML_LOCKS;
szczegóły w kolumnie LOCK_ID1:
SELECT * FROM DBA_LOCK_INTERNAL;

źródła:

http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_ora_00054_locks.htm

Prosty CURSOR

Zaszufladkowany do: Oracle,PL/SQL,Programowanie — Tagi: — Jacek @ 20:02
DECLARE
CURSOR C1 IS SELECT ST_ID_OPISOWY_KROTKI, TP_ID_OPISOWY_KROTKI
FROM STW.SRODKI_TRWALE;
BEGIN
FOR rekord1 IN C1 LOOP
Dbms_Output.put_line(rekord1.ST_ID_OPISOWY_KROTKI);
END LOOP;
END;
/

27 listopada 2011

Associative arrays, cursors – PL/SQL

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 19:55
declare
02 type apollo_rec is record(
03 commander   varchar2(100),
04 launch date);
05 type apollo_type_arr is table of apollo_rec index by varchar2(100);
06 apollo_arr apollo_type_arr;
07 begin
08 apollo_arr('Apollo 11').commander := 'Neil Armstrong';
09 apollo_arr('Apollo 11').launch :=   to_date('July 16, 1969','Month dd, yyyy');
10 apollo_arr('Apollo 12').commander := 'Pete Conrad';
11 apollo_arr('Apollo 12').launch :=   to_date('November 14, 1969','Month dd, yyyy');
12 apollo_arr('Apollo 13').commander := 'James Lovell';
13 apollo_arr('Apollo 13').launch :=   to_date('April 11, 1970','Month dd, yyyy');
14 apollo_arr('Apollo 14').commander := 'Alan Shepard';
15 apollo_arr('Apollo 14').launch :=   to_date('January 31, 1971','Month dd, yyyy');
16
17 dbms_output.put_line(apollo_arr('Apollo 11').commander);
18 dbms_output.put_line(apollo_arr('Apollo 11').launch);
19 end;
20 /
http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/oracle/langpkt/ch01_09.htm

http://tylermuth.wordpress.com/2008/02/21/plsql-associative-arrays/

25 listopada 2011

pl/sql package – prosty przykład

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 15:03

http://sueharper.blogspot.com/2006/10/running-plsql-code-using-sql-developer.html

typy:
http://dbahelp.co.uk/plsql.aspx

rowtype:
http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/PL/SQL_FAQ

23 listopada 2011

PL/SQL – uruchamianie procedur

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 23:02

execute procedure_name

execute procedure_name(‘in_param’,'in_param’);

execute package_name.procedure_name (….

select myPackage.myFunction(rec_id) from myTable;

select myPackage.myFunction(argValue) from dual;

SQL> @pass2proc
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PASS2PROC(VAL1 IN NUMBER, VAL2 OUT NUMBER)
  2  AS
  3  BEGIN
  4  	VAL2 := VAL1*2;
  5  END PASS2PROC;
  6  /

Procedure created.

SQL> var ret1 number
SQL> exec pass2proc(1,:ret1);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> print ret1

      RET1
----------
	 2

ORA-01882 on SQL Developer

Zaszufladkowany do: Oracle,PL/SQL — Tagi: , — Jacek @ 18:46

Edit sqldeveloper.conf configuration file located in the folder SQLDeveloper / bin

Add this line with the timezone:

AddVMOption -Duser.timezone="Europe/Warsaw"

Restart and try again.

15 listopada 2011

PL/SQL – functions

Zaszufladkowany do: Bazy danych,PL/SQL,Programowanie — Tagi: , — Jacek @ 19:44

PL/SQL Functions

What is a Function in PL/SQL?

A function is a named PL/SQL Block which is similar to a procedure. The major difference between a procedure and a function is, a function must always return a value, but a procedure may or may not return a value.

The General Syntax to create a function is:

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION function_name [parameters]

RETURN return_datatype;

IS

Declaration_section

BEGIN

Execution_section

Return return_variable;

EXCEPTION

exception section

Return return_variable;

END;

1) Return Type: The header section defines the return type of the function. The return datatype can be any of the oracle datatype like varchar, number etc.
2) The execution and exception section both should return a value which is of the datatype defined in the header section.

For example, let’s create a frunction called ”employer_details_func’ similar to the one created in stored proc

1> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION employer_details_func

2>    RETURN VARCHAR(20);

3> IS

5>    emp_name VARCHAR(20);

6> BEGIN

7>      SELECT first_name INTO emp_name

8>      FROM emp_tbl WHERE empID = ’100′;

9>      RETURN emp_name;

10> END;

11> /

In the example we are retrieving the ‘first_name’ of employee with empID 100 to variable ‘emp_name’.
The return type of the function is VARCHAR which is declared in line no 2.
The function returns the ‘emp_name’ which is of type VARCHAR as the return value in line no 9.

How to execute a PL/SQL Function?

A function can be executed in the following ways.

1) Since a function returns a value we can assign it to a variable.

employee_name :=  employer_details_func;

If ‘employee_name’ is of datatype varchar we can store the name of the employee by assigning the return type of the function to it.

2) As a part of a SELECT statement

SELECT employer_details_func FROM dual;

3) In a PL/SQL Statements like,

dbms_output.put_line(employer_details_func);

This line displays the value returned by the function.

source:

http://plsql-tutorial.com/plsql-functions.htm

6 kwietnia 2011

PL/SQL – select into

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 10:59

SQL> declare
2    v_authName author.author_last_name%type;
3  begin
4    select
5      author_last_name into v_authName
6    from
7      author
8    where
9      author_key = ‘A103′;
10
11    dbms_output.put_line(‘Name: ‘||v_authName);
12  end;
13  /

SQL> declare
2    v_author author%rowtype;
3  begin
4    select
5      * into v_author
6    from
7      author
8    where
9      author_key = ‘A103′;
10
11    dbms_output.put_line(‘Name: ’||v_author.author_first_name||’ ‘|| v_author.author_last_name);
12  end;
13  /

Źródła:

http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_pl_sql_plsql_select_into_clause.htm

7 stycznia 2011

PL/SQL Associative Arrays

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 15:04

declare
type assoc_arr is table of varchar2(255) index by varchar2(255);
apollo_commanders assoc_arr;
begin
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 11′) := ‘Neil Armstrong’;
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 12′) := ‘Pete Conrad’;
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 13′) := ‘James Lovell’;
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 14′) := ‘Alan Shepard’;
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 15′) := ‘David Scott’;
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 16′) := ‘John W. Young’;
apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 17′) := ‘Eugene A. Cernan’;

dbms_output.put_line(apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 11′));
dbms_output.put_line(apollo_commanders(‘Apollo 14′));
end;
/

– Results:
– Neil Armstrong
– Alan Shepard

Znalezione na: http://tylermuth.wordpress.com/2008/02/21/plsql-associative-arrays/

3 stycznia 2011

PL/SQL – functions, zwrot wartości tablicy z funkcji.

Zaszufladkowany do: PL/SQL — Tagi: — Jacek @ 13:16

Tu jest dobry artykuł o funkcjach.

A function is a named PL/SQL Block which is similar to a procedure. The major difference between a procedure and a function is, a function must always return a value, but a procedure may or may not return a value.

The General Syntax to create a function is:

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION function_name [parameters]
RETURN return_datatype;
IS
Declaration_section
BEGIN
Execution_section
Return return_variable;
EXCEPTION
exception section
Return return_variable;
END;

1) Return Type: The header section defines the return type of the function. The return datatype can be any of the oracle datatype like varchar, number etc.
2) The execution and exception section both should return a value which is of the datatype defined in the header section.

For example, let’s create a frunction called ”employer_details_func’ similar to the one created in stored proc

1> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION employer_details_func
2>    RETURN VARCHAR(20);
3> IS
5>    emp_name VARCHAR(20);
6> BEGIN
7>	SELECT first_name INTO emp_name
8>	FROM emp_tbl WHERE empID = '100';
9>	RETURN emp_name;
10> END;
11> /

In the example we are retrieving the ‘first_name’ of employee with empID 100 to variable ‘emp_name’.
The return type of the function is VARCHAR which is declared in line no 2.
The function returns the ‘emp_name’ which is of type VARCHAR as the return value in line no 9.

How to execute a PL/SQL Function?

A function can be executed in the following ways.

1) Since a function returns a value we can assign it to a variable.

employee_name :=  employer_details_func;

If ‘employee_name’ is of datatype varchar we can store the name of the employee by assigning the return type of the function to it.

2) As a part of a SELECT statement

SELECT employer_details_func FROM dual;

3) In a PL/SQL Statements like,

dbms_output.put_line(employer_details_func);

This line displays the value returned by the function.

Zawartość tablicy jako wynik funkcji.

Za http://www.tek-tips.com/faqs.cfm?fid=846.
If you need to return dynamic amounts of data, you probably want to use PL/SQL tables.  A PL/SQL table is similar to an array, but it can have only one bound.

PL/SQL tables are sparse.  That is if you write to index 1 and index 10, only two values are stored in memory.  Oracle doesn’t store NULL values for indexes 2 through 9.  If you reference an index that has not been stored yet, you will get a NO_DATA_FOUND exception.

You need to define a TYPE to hold your data before you can use a table.  You do that with the oracle TYPE statement.
<type_name> IS TABLE OF ORACLE_DATA_TYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;

You can declare the type anywhere declarations are valid.  You can put them in a package header or in a DECLARE section.  Putting them in a package header makes them sharable between packages and easily reusable.  I always create a package header that defines useful table structures an I call it TABLE_TYPES

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE TABLE_TYPES
AS
TYPE tNumber IS TABLE OF NUMBER INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
TYPE tString IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(250) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
END;

If you put the table definitions into their own package you don’t have to worry about cluttering up all your other packages with useless table definitions.  Notice, I use the TABLE_TYPES package in the package example below.

When you create a table variable, you can place data into it sparsely, as I said before..  Take this anonymous block for example.

DECLARE
tab TABLE_TYPE.tNumber;
BEGIN
tab(1) := 30;
tab(30) := 1;
tab(2) := tab(30) – tab(1);

DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE();
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Index two contains: ‘ || tab(2));
END;

If you run the above anonymous block you should get the output:

Index two contains: -29

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

if you only see the last line, type set serveroutput on before running the anonymous block.

The COUNT property of a table returns the total number of rows that are found in that table.  If the table is defined sparesly, unfilled rows ARE NOT INCLUDED.  In the above anonymous block tab.COUNT will be THREE.


1. CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE EXAMPLE_PKG AS
2. FUNCTION myFunction() RETURN TABLE_TYPES.tNumber;
3. PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(myFunction,WNDS);
4. END;
5. /

And here is the packge body

1.  CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY EXAMPLE_PKG AS
2.  FUNCTION myFunction() RETURN tNumber
3.  – this function returns a table of numbers 1 to 10
4.  IS
5.    example_table TABLE_TYPES.tNumber;
6.  BEGIN
7.    FOR indx IN 1 .. 10
8.    LOOP
9.      example_table(indx) := i;
10.   END LOOP;
11. END;
12. /

Finally, we’ll create an anonymous block that calls the myFunction function, gets a table of results and displays them on the screen.


1. DECLARE
2.  tab TABLE_TYPES.tNumber;
3. BEGIN
4.   tab := EXAMPLE_PKG.myFunction();
5.   DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE();
6.   for i in 1 .. tab.COUNT
7.   LOOP
8.      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Row ‘ || i || ‘. value = ‘ || tab(i));
9.  END LOOP;
10.END;

I DRUGI OPIS

How to return a table from function.

SQL> create type numtab is table of number;
  2  /

Type created.

SQL> create type rectype as object (col1 number, col2 date, col3 varchar2(120));
  2  /

Type created.

SQL> create type complextab as table of rectype;
  2  /

Type created.

SQL> create or replace function f1 return numtab
  2  is
  3    v_temptab numtab;
  4  begin
  5    v_temptab := new numtab();
  6    for j in 1..20 loop
  7      v_temptab.extend();
  8      v_temptab(v_temptab.last) := j;
  9    end loop;
 10    return v_temptab;
 11  end;
 12  /

Function created.

SQL> create or replace function f2 return complextab
  2  is
  3    v_temptab complextab;
  4  begin
  5    v_temptab := new complextab();
  6    for j in 1..20 loop
  7      v_temptab.extend();
  8      v_temptab(v_temptab.last) := new rectype( col1 => j
  9                                              , col2 => sysdate - j
 10                                              , col3 => to_char(to_date(j,'J'),'JSP')
 11                                              );
 12    end loop;
 13    return v_temptab;
 14  end;
 15  /

Function created.

SQL> select *
  2    from table(f1);

COLUMN_VALUE
------------
           1
           2
           3
           4
           5
           6
           7
           8
           9
          10
          11

COLUMN_VALUE
------------
          12
          13
          14
          15
          16
          17
          18
          19
          20

20 rows selected.

SQL> select *
  2    from table(f2);

      COL1 COL2      COL3
---------- --------- --------------------
         1 09-MAY-05 ONE
         2 08-MAY-05 TWO
         3 07-MAY-05 THREE
         4 06-MAY-05 FOUR
         5 05-MAY-05 FIVE
         6 04-MAY-05 SIX
         7 03-MAY-05 SEVEN
         8 02-MAY-05 EIGHT
         9 01-MAY-05 NINE
        10 30-APR-05 TEN
        11 29-APR-05 ELEVEN

      COL1 COL2      COL3
---------- --------- --------------------
        12 28-APR-05 TWELVE
        13 27-APR-05 THIRTEEN
        14 26-APR-05 FOURTEEN
        15 25-APR-05 FIFTEEN
        16 24-APR-05 SIXTEEN
        17 23-APR-05 SEVENTEEN
        18 22-APR-05 EIGHTEEN
        19 21-APR-05 NINETEEN
        20 20-APR-05 TWENTY

20 rows selected.

SQL>
The first is a small numeric table, the second uses not only NUMBER, but also DATE and VARCHAR2.

28 grudnia 2010

Oracle – notki, SQL, PL/SQL

Zaszufladkowany do: Bazy danych,Oracle,PL/SQL,Programowanie,SQL — Tagi: , , — Jacek @ 11:16
sql> host – aby dostać się do promptu hosta
c:> echo %oracle_sid% lub echo $oracle_sid$
c:> exit
sql>
po zalaogowaniu można wydać komendę:
sql> define
i wyświetlą się parametry informujące o tym jako kto jesteśmy podłączeni
będąc podłączonym można podłączyć się jako inny user
sql> connect sys as sysdba
Sprawdzenie jakie tabele są w schemacie użytkownika:
sql> select table_name from user_tables;
sql> desc ps$ (opis tabeli)
sql> set pagesize 200
sql> / (ponowne uruchomienie polecenia z buforu)
sql> l lub list – wyswietla to co jest w buforze
w buforze jest tylko ostatnie polecenie
jeżeli chcemy coś zmienić w buforze:
sql> 2
podajemy numer linii w której chcemy zrobić zmianę
sql> c/name/surename
i określamy (c – change) co na co chcemy zamienić
SQL – Structured Query Language
określenie w jakim formacie ma zostać wyświetlana data;
sql> alter session set nls_date_format=’mm/dd/yyyy’;
można określić jak inne dane mają być wyświetlane:
sql> col sal fromat $999,999.00
sql> col ename heading ‘Employee|Name’
Jeżeli chcemy coś dodać do bufora:
sql> 1
sql> a ,nazwisko
aby format danej kolumny był taki jak jakiejś innej można:
sql> col comm like sal heading “Commision”
aby kolumna była szersza:
sql> col job format a15
wyszyszczenie formatowania:
sql> col comm clear
lub
sql> clear columns
jeżeli chcemy zachować ostatnią komendę z bufora:
sql> save plik.sql
uruchomienie
sql> @plik.sql
zapis wyników:
sql> spool plik.txt
sql> spool off
sql> host
c:> type plik.txt
c:> exit
sql> spool plik.txt append
można robić zmiany bufora w edytorze:
ed
i wyświetlić/zdefiniować edytor
define _editor
define _editor=c:\notepad
Jeżeli chcemy wstawić zmienną do zapytania
… where job=’&p’
sql> undefine p
aby wyświetlać po stronie:
sql> set pause on
sql> set pagesize 35
Plik z ustawieniami środowiska startowy:
SQLPATH=c:\oracle\product
tam trzeba umieścić plik:
login.sql
sql> help index
sql> help define
zmiana hasła
sql> passw user1
Na serwerze aplikacji można uruchomić isqlplus, który pozwala na dostęp do bazy danych przez przeglądarkę internetową:
c:> isqlplusctl start
potem w przeglądarce
http://localhost:5560/isqlplus

Strona startowa: www.jaceksen.pl